TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disorder, associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as adipokines such as leptin, adipsin, resistin, and visfatin by adipose tissue [25, 26].