TNF and arthritic joint disease: EPA, an essential component of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), has been demonstrated to regulate inflammatory responses in ARDs by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), dampening the activation of immune cells such as T cells and macrophages, and mitigating inflammation and joint damage associated with arthritis (85).