TNF and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, the consumption of omega-3 PUFA supplements was demonstrated to be effective as an add-on therapy to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment to reduce inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and improve the pediatric ACR response in patients with JIA (56).