Specifically, the annotated cell types in the TME and nonmalignant tissues included melanocytes/melanoma cells (marked by DCT and PAX3), T cells (marked by PTPRC, CD3D and CD3E), B cells (CD79A, MS4A1 and CD19), plasma cells (ICHAIN and TNFRSF17), monocytes (CSF1R, C1QA and VCAN), neutrophils (CSF3R and FCGR3B), mast cells (MS4A2 and CPA3), endothelial cells (PECAM1 and VWF), fibroblasts (DCN and COL1A1) and epithelial cells (EPCAM and KRT5) (Fig. 1c), following the standard from reported scRNA-seq studies10,11. The gene discussed is VCAN; the disease is melanoma.