To confirm the presence of RRV VP4’s binding sites, each cell type was pretreated before RRV infection with synthetic peptides TRTRVSRLY, DGEA, GHRP, and KTKIDRSTQISPNTLPD (KID) (against amino acid 642–658 on Hsc70), which has previously been shown to block secondary attachment by all rotavirus strains to Hsc70 (10, 41). Here, HSPA8 is linked to infection.