CYP enzymes can be fused to targeting peptides to improve their tumor-specific delivery, as seen in other GDEPTs (Liu X. et al., 2022), and can also benefit from utilizing viral or non-viral vectors to deliver CYP enzymes selectively to tumor cells (Quester et al., 2017; Tapia-Moreno et al., 2017). Here, PPIG is linked to neoplasm.