Despite the mitochondrial genome being minimally investigated in relation to CKD, some mitochondrial proteins, encoded by nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (NEMG), and specific mtDNA variations in MT-HV2, MT-HV3, MT-ND5 and MT-RNR2 have been associated with kidney disease and/or well-established serum clinical biomarkers of CKD, such as serum creatinine (SCr) levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [14, 25, 40, 49–51]. The gene discussed is MCAT; the disease is chronic kidney disease.