To further explore the role of GAM-derived LOC/Gm16685, we employed syngeneic mouse models by co-injecting glioma cells with wild-type, Gm16685-knockout or Gm16685-knockout GAMs with TNF-α (KO-GAM-TNF-αover; Extended Data Fig. 9a; we mainly focus on the CD45+CD11b+ population as the majority of CD45+CD11b+ myeloid cells are GAMs in glioblastoma). Here, TNF is linked to central nervous system cancer.