We demonstrated that the ‘active’ LOC–DHX15 complex is an essential RNP complex required for co-amplifying p38 kinase and NF-κB signalling, a key process in overcoming the rate-limiting steps required for precise spatiotemporal expression of cytokines such as MIF1 and many other well-known genes required for oncogenesis and therapy resistance, collectively referred to as tumour-promoting genes in our model (Supplementary Fig. 4)53–58. This evidence concerns the gene HERPUD1 and neoplasm.