NFKB1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Quantification of the IHC results showed that NF-κB’s positive nuclear staining was significantly higher in grade II astrocytoma (n = 76, p < 0.001, Fig. 2A left panel), grade III (n = 16, p < 0.001, middle left), and GBM (n = 49, p < 0.001, Fig. 2A middle right panel) compared to that of normal brain tissue (n = 15) (Fig. 2A right panel).