On the other hand, very high proportions of anti-HBc reactive donors (8.9–11.0%) were reported from areas of high HBV endemicity in Iran, such as the Golestan and Sistan-Baluchestan provinces.13-15 Moreover, we previously estimated that an average 7.9% of Iranian anti-HBc-positive BDs have molecular evidence of OBI.16 Also, significant OBI rates were estimated among high-risk Iranian populations such as those who inject drugs,17 those with hepatitis C virus or human immunodeficiency virus infections,18 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis,19 as well as hemodialysis patients.20 The gene discussed is KRT88P; the disease is cirrhosis, familial.