INS and dementia: The effects of exercise on dementia prevention are estimated to be at the biological level: increased cerebral blood flow due to exercise, increased BDNF and IFG-1, increased brain capacity such as the hippocampus due to improved insulin resistance, behavioral level: improved sleep, decreased fatigue, improved physical activity and physical function, and social psychological level: improved depression, increased self-efficacy, more friends, improved social networks89).