Multiplex cytokine profiling using Luminex assays showed an age- and AD-dependent increase in levels of secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6 and IFN-γ) compared to young; interestingly, aged/sAD tNeurons also induced anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-15) and chemokines (e.g. CCL2 and CXCL12) (Fig.5d, and Extended Data Fig.12a). Here, IL15 is linked to Alzheimer disease.