However, a recent report by Seddon et al. revealed much more modest ORs for progression between early and late AMD (42) compared to previous studies comparing AMD and non-AMD (36, 37, 43).The finding that increasingly dysfunctional CFI RVs correlate more strongly with disease suggests that unchecked generation of C3b and its products contributes to AMD pathology. The gene discussed is C3; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.