It has also been shown that aspirin can bind cellular kinase IKK-B, preventing NF-kB-mediated regulation of gene expression independent of the COX-prostanoid pathway that will impede downstream activation of COX-2 and TNF-α mediated endothelial dysfunction, further dampening the dysregulated inflammatory state of preeclampsia [39]. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.