NPPB and malnutrition: Our main analysis using the CONUT score (0–1 vs. ≥2) (k = 5; n = 2090 with overall malnutrition and n = 523 without malnutrition) showed statistically insignificantly greater levels of BNP during overall malnutrition [MD: 158.51, 95% CI (−1.78–318.79, I2 = 92%, P = 0.05) (Figure3)].