<h4>Background</h4>This study compared the differences of microvesicles (MVs) and microvesicles-delivering Smad7 (Smad7-MVs) on macrophage M1 polarization and fibroblast differentiation in a model of Peyronie's disease (PD).<h4>Methods</h4>Overexpression of Smad7 in rat BMSCs was obtained by pCMV5-Smad7 transfection. Here, SMAD7 is linked to Abnormality of connective tissue.