INS and diabetes mellitus: Consequently, self-management practices significantly influence T1D treatment outcomes, as individuals are responsible for 95% of lifelong diabetes management [36], including maintaining vigilance over glucose levels, regular administration of doses of insulin (referred to as “bolusing”) to offset blood glucose increases caused by meals [74], and making adjustments for hypoglycemia (i.e., low blood glucose/sugar levels) or hyperglycemia (i.e., high blood glucose/sugar levels).