TFRC and Alzheimer disease: In 2021, Li et al. found that injection of Ginkgolide B (GB), the active ingredient of terpene lactones (Wang et al., 2020), in an animal model of AD reversed the levels of TFR1 and NOCA4 and upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and GPX4 in the brains of SAMP8 mice, which exhibited neuroprotective effects in AD mice (Hébert et al., 2022).