We found a significant correlation between CDA expression (set 1: CDAlown = 14, CDAhighn = 18; set 2: CDAlown = 17, CDAhighn = 14) in malignant ductal cells with intratumoral CD68+ tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration or the CD206+ immunosuppressive fraction, both at the tumor border and center (Fig. 1h and Extended Data Fig. 2b,c). Here, CDA is linked to neoplasm.