ADAR1 loss thus increases the structural integrity of cellular dsRNAs and leads to chronic activation of cellular dsRNA sensors, including PKR, RIG-I, MDA5, and OASes, which may lead to various pathogenic states, such as Aicardi–Goutières syndrome and tumorigenic inflammation (Chen and Hur 2022). Here, IFIH1 is linked to Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome.