PTPN11 and cancer: Consistent with previous reports (24, 26, 27, 33–35, 70, 71), combination of trametinib with either the SHP2 inhibitor TNO155 or the autophagy inhibitor CQ led to synergistic growth inhibition in a panel of cancer cell lines that display varied sensitivity to SHP2 inhibition (Figure 6A and Supplemental Figure 5A).