GAA and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Here, using faecal samples collected in a previously published randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (7, 16), we investigated the effects of a 2-week treatment course with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, on GM profiles (evaluated by 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing) in Caucasian individuals with metformin-treated T2D.