In a study of young porcine islets, Nec-1 was found to improve islet viability in response to NO or hypoxia in a dose-dependent manner in vitro (Lau et al. 2020) and another recent study found that Nec-1 treatment prevented β-cell loss in a zebrafish model of overnutrition and insulin resistance (Yang et al. 2020). Here, PCSK1 is linked to overnutrition.