MAPK1 and cancer: These pathways include PI3K/Akt/mTOR (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin), AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB (AMP-activated protein kinase/NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1/nuclear factor kappa B), and MAPK/AP-1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein 1), which play role in many human pathologies like cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disorders [54–57].