PKM and cancer: To compensate for the lower energy production resulting from aerobic glycolysis compared to oxidative phosphorylation, cancer cells enhance glucose uptake by upregulating glucose transporters, notably glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), as well as several key glycolytic enzymes, including pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) (Feng et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2022).