Among these, the MT-RNR1 gene contains the sequence for mitochondrial open-reading frame of the 12 S rRNA-c (MOTS-c), one of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs), reported to possess metabolic protective properties in various models of metabolic dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus [11, 36, 37]. This evidence concerns the gene MT-RNR1 and diabetes mellitus.