Previous studies reported that chronic activation of RAGE by exogenous AGEs contributes to the upregulation and activation of NF-κB in neuroinflammation, cardiac fibroblasts, macrophages and neuroblastoma cells (Bierhaus et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2013; Sanchez-Fernandez et al. 2021; Liu et al. 2019). Here, NFKB1 is linked to neuroblastoma.