The mean baseline PSA values were 17.870 ng/ml (range: 4.4–152 ng/ml), 5.581 ng/ml (range: 4.0–8.1 ng/ml), and 3.018 ng/ml (range: 1.7–4.0 ng/ml) in the HRPCa, LRPCa, and BPH groups, respectively. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.