GSDMD and kidney disorder: Transgenic expression of risk variant APOL1 in mouse podocytes has also been shown to induce a pyroptotic signature and fibrosis, even in the absence of IFN administration, which was dependent on GSDMD and NLRP3.29 However, contradictory experiments in mice and human podocyte cell lines have also drawn into question the existence of the NLRP3 inflammasome in kidney epithelial cells.64,65 Our results suggest that inflammatory cell death, especially in the renal endothelium, contributes to kidney disease.