NPPB and heart failure: In participants with a history of heart failure, those in the second and third DII quartile showed a trend towards higher NT-proBNP levels compared to those in the lowest quartile, with increases of 717.06 pg/mL (95% CI: 76.49–1357.63, p = 0.030) and 855.49 pg/mL (95% CI: 156.57–1554.41, p = 0.018).