Additionally, E. canis can cause a reduction in MHC II receptors, compromising the presentation of T-CD4 lymphocytes and facilitating the progression of CVL (Harrus et al., 2003), further suggesting that certain comorbidities may be precipitating factors for the transition from the subclinical infection by L. chagasi to the overt CVL (Apostolidis et al., 2023). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is infection.