To further investigate the mechanism of SIRT1 and ESR1 involvement in lupus pathogenesis, we analyzed SIRT1 and ESR1 using GSEA and also found that SIRT1 and ESR1 were involved in many biological processes of immune cells (Figures 7A,B), which had been demonstrated in SLE. Here, SIRT1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.