SMAD5 and breast carcinoma: Breast cancer cells have been shown to promote SMAD family member 5 (SMAD5) expression in γδT1 cells by transferring exosome lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16), which acts as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR-16–5p, thereby enhancing the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/SMAD5 pathway and upregulating 5’-nucleotidase ecto (NT5E/CD73) levels.