Higher score of the 5-gene set was observed in responders to both anti-PD-1 monotherapy and anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 combined therapy of melanoma (P = 0.043, P = 0.048, P < 0.05) (Figure 5C), suggesting that our predictive model may be capable of predicting effects of ICIs immunotherapy with targets such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 for different cancer types. Here, CTLA4 is linked to cancer.