CSF2 and neoplasm: In line with these findings, oAd/APP in combination with DC led to higher expression level of antitumor cytokines, such as IL-12, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ, in tumor tissues (Figure 3), suggesting that DCs stimulated with IL-12 can release IFN-γ and that both immunotherapeutics can synergistically induce cytokine expression (53, 54).