In contrast to myeloid cytokines, PAO1 induced no or little amounts of ‘lymphoid cytokines’ from HC and IPF PBMCs and instead down-regulated (except for IL-17F and IL-4) the level of basally-secreted cytokines in M-COV-1/2 PBMCs (notably Granzyme A, IL-13, IL-17A/F, IL-5 (not shown). Here, IL5 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.