Lactate can stabilize HIF-1α and induce the expression of M2 genes such as Arg-1, Fizz-1, Mgl-1, VEGF, and PPAR-γ, thereby inducing TAM polarize to an M2 immunosuppressive phenotype and promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and invasion (77, 82, 117) (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and neoplasm.