Moreover, hyperglycemia-induced excess production of renal superoxide, due to an imbalance between NADPH oxidase (Nox), the superoxide-producing enzyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD), the superoxide-scavenging enzyme, instigates oxidative stress leading to the progression and maintenance of DN (Fujita et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene FMO5 and Hyperglycemia.