On the other hand, PPARβ governs a variety of biological processes including fatty acid synthesis, oxidative metabolism in white adipose tissue, etc., thus controlling the development of several chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis (Mirza et al., 2019; Wagner and Wagner, 2020a; Qiu et al., 2023). The gene discussed is PPARD; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.