TGFB1 and neoplasm: This persistent tumor primarily escapes immune detection through various means, including the secretion of immunosuppressive factors like transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), the creation of an immunosuppressive environment lacking T lymphocytes, and the expression of immune checkpoints such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 [4, 34].