CXCL12 and pancreatic neoplasm: Mechanistically, PSCs release several growth factors/mediators (such as insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1], basal fibroblast growth factor [bFGF], platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF], stromal cell-derived factor 1 [SDF-1], and ECM proteins) and MMPs, which provoke the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic tumor cells.