AFP and placental abruption: Chandra et al. [35] reported that, in addition to placental abruption, unexplained elevated maternal serum AFP or hCG levels were independently associated with pregnancy outcomes in both high risk and low risk women, and the RR of fetal death was high (in high risk and low risk women, the RR of AFP or hCG was 4.90, 95%CI: 2.70–8.70), suggesting that antenatal monitoring of patients with elevated AFP and/or hCG levels should be conducted regardless of prenatal risk status.