PARP14 and viral infectious disease: This is of particular importance given that PARP14 has been reported to have a crucial role in responding to coronavirus infection (Alhammad et al, 2023; Grunewald et al, 2019) and mediating inflammation (Schenkel et al, 2021), while PARP9/DTX3L has been indicated in controlling viral infection and protecting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Thirunavukkarasu et al, 2023; Zhang et al, 2015).