TGFB1 and neoplasm: In addition, inflamed tumours may also be subject to suppression by regulatory T cells (Tregs),14,15 myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs),16 and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs),17,18 as well as a plethora of soluble factors both produced by the aforementioned cells and tumour stroma, among which we can mention interleukin(IL)-10,19 prostaglandins,20 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β),21 which may hamper an effective immune response.