We also found low levels of anti-FHL1 autoantibodies in patients with other autoimmune diseases such as RA, SS and SLE but not in any of the individuals with NMD, indicating that this autoantibody can be present in other autoimmune diseases and is not specific for IIM but whether anti-FHL1 autoantibodies are associated with specific clinical manifestation in other autoimmune disorders needs to be investigated in larger cohorts. Here, FHL1 is linked to autoimmune disease.