To evaluate the functional role of the VIST/VSIG3/PSGL-1 receptor pathway, its expression levels were examined in different human breast cancer cell lines, including MCF-7, BT-474, SK-BR-3, T-47D, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-231/BO2, and Me16C, as normal epithelial cell lines, as shown in Fig. 5. Here, IGSF11 is linked to breast carcinoma.