Large-scale whole exome sequencing studies of ESCC cohorts have been conducted in China, revealing novel ESCC-associated genes such as ZHF750, FAT1, FAT2, ADAM29, and FAM135B, in addition to well-known cancer-related genes like TP53, PIK3CA, and CDKN2A [11, 12]. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.