Figure S1 illustrates the mRNA expression level of the BIRC5 gene obtained from the GEPIA database (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). There is a notable distinction in BIRC5 mRNA expression between tumors and normal controls. A study reported that 70% (14 out of 20) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues exhibited positive nuclear staining for BIRC5, while minimal detectable staining was observed in precancerous tissue using immunohistochemistry (Ito et al., 2000). Here, BIRC5 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.