ACADL and hepatocellular carcinoma: Besides these studies, a series of research, such as “Bulk and single-cell transcriptome profiling reveal the metabolic heterogeneity in gastric cancer” (Tao et al., 2023) and “Bulk and single-cell transcriptome profiling reveal extracellular matrix mechanical regulation of lipid metabolism reprogramming through YAP/TEAD4/ACADL axis in hepatocellular carcinoma” (Cai J. et al., 2023), utilized bulk RNA data to group tumors, then subdivided them at the single-cell level based on the average expression values of all genes in individual cells from each patient.