SNHG4 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: ROC curve analyses further ascertained SNHG4’s efficacy in distinguishing COPD patients from smokers and non-smokers, revealing its potential as a diagnostic biomarker with notable sensitivity and specificity as depicted in Fig. 1H, I. These findings collectively underscore the significant relationship of SNHG4 with the pathogenesis and progression of COPD.