To characterize the expression of GSDMD in LN kidney, we detected GSDMD in human kidney sections by immunohistochemistry, and found that both GSDMD full-length (GSDMD-FL) and its active fragment GSDMD-N were significantly up-regulated in LN patients compared with normal kidneys, especially in infiltrating leukocytes that gathered around the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium (Fig. 1A, Fig. 1—figure supplement 1A). Here, GSDMD is linked to lobular neoplasia.