Additionally, the analysis revealed two significantly activated pathways (p < 0.05): the PD-1, PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy pathway (Z score = 2.53, p < 0.001), and the PCP pathway (Z score = 2, p < 0.05) in M2 biopsies compared with M0 biopsies (Fig. 3a). Here, CD274 is linked to cancer.